Psychological perspectives and theories on criminal behavior are numerous and distinct. Be sure to provide an example of each theory and include a reference to the examples that may include an article, case study, adjudicated case, etc. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118519639.wbecpx142. Learn about our remote access options. In many ways, psychological theories of deviance mirror biological explanations, only with an added emphasis on brain function. Rational choice theory: People generally act in their self-interest and make decisions to commit crime after weighing the potential risks (including getting caught and punished) against the rewards. Browse other articles of this reference work: The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. The purpose of this entry is to offer a brief summary of how these diverse perspectives can provide an understanding of criminal behavior. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. There are many common features in existing psychological theories of offending (Farrington, 1994). Title: Biological and Psychological Theories of Crime 1 Biological and PsychologicalTheories of Crime 2 Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) Phrenology; 3 (No Transcript) 4 Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909)Atavistic Criminals. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. They include, but are not limited to, biological, neurological, cognitive, developmental, personality, and integrated approaches. In sum, as with biosocial theories of crime causation, psychological theories focus on the identification and treatment of individual traits that may predispose people to violent behaviour. Working off-campus? The purpose of this entry is to offer a brief summary of how these diverse perspectives can provide an understanding of criminal behavior. These theories conclude that there is a correlation between the formation of personality in childhood and future criminal behavior. Although psychological perspectives are less represented within mainstream criminology than other approaches, many criminological theories have a psychological component. Skinnerian based social psychological theories of reinforcement and punishment are influential in this model of criminal control although the idea of punishment for crime has a much longer history (Jeffery, 1990). Psychological theories have tried to explain why and how the crime occurs. The psychoanalytic point of view, two main theories: Freud’s theory of stages of sexual development and the theory of addition of Intent by Bowlby in 1947. Moreover, criminological inquiry can be supplemented and improved by the inclusion of psychological perspectives. In contrast to sociological theories, psychological theories of crime focus on the influence of individuals’ experiences or their emotional adjustment, as well as on their personality traits and types. In a 3 page paper (excluding title and reference pages), summarize and provide an example of how biological, sociological, and psychological theories of crime causation affect human behavior and actions. Psychological Theories of Crime and Delinquency 229 that behavior is determined by the person and their environmentin time and space, the thrust of this theory focused on how behavior is shaped by expe-rience. Technically speaking, punishments are any sanctions designed to decrease a specific behavior; thus, fines, jail sentences, etc., are all forms of punishment. Social disorganization theory: A person’s physical and social environments are primarily responsible for the behavioral choices that person makes. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. criminal-justice.iresearchnet.com/.../psychological-theories-of-crime Bandura (1969) discussed the principles of modifying behavior using social learning theory. Although psychological perspectives are less represented within mainstream criminology than other approaches, many criminological theories have a psychological component. However, Skinner … Learn more. Although psychological perspectives … Most theories assume the following: (1) there are consistent individual differences in an underlying construct such as criminal potential or antisocial personality; (2) hedonism or the pursuit of pleasure is the main energizing factor; (3) there is internal inhibition of offending through the conscience or some similar mechanism; (4) methods of child-rearing used by parents are crucial in developing this conscience in a … Psychological theories of deviance use a deviant’s psychology to explain his motivation and compulsion to violate social norms. They include, but are not limited to, biological, neurological, cognitive, developmental, personality, and integrated approaches. Moreover, criminological inquiry can be supplemented and improved by the inclusion of psychological perspectives.
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